Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Duplex 2205 chakhala chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zombo zoyezera mphamvu zamagetsi, zipolopolo zosinthira kutentha, ndi mapaipi opangira zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'malo okhala ndi chloride yambiri, sulfuric acid intermediates, ndi madzi opangidwa kuchokera ku ntchito zamafuta ndi gasi. Gawoli limaphatikiza magawo a austenitic ndi ferritic mofanana, kupereka mphamvu yochulukitsa kawiri kuposa 304L/316L austenitic grades pomwe kusunga kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi ming'alu kuposa chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic. Wow Stainless imapereka mbale ya duplex 2205, pepala, bala, ndi chitoliro cholumikizidwa ku makampani opanga mankhwala ku US Gulf Coast, madera opangira mafuta ndi mchenga ku Canada, ndi malo opangira mafuta ku Mexico. Ntchito zambiri zimaphatikizapo mapaipi odyetsa a reactor, machitidwe amadzi okhala ndi chloride, ndi zida zomangira mu FGD (flue gas desulfurization) zotengera mphamvu zopangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito malasha. Kuvomerezedwa kwa zitsulo za magawo awiri ndi ASME Code kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mankhwala kuyambira mu 2018, pomwe ASME B&PV Code Section VIII yasintha zinthu ziwiri zomwe zavomerezedwa mwalamulo ndi zofunikira pakuyenerera njira zopangira.

Chifukwa Chake Duplex 2205 Imalowa M'malo mwa 316L M'malo Opangira Chloride

Duplex 2205 imapereka mphamvu yochulukitsa kawiri kuposa 316L austenitic stainless (450 MPa vs 220 MPa), zomwe zimathandiza kupanga mapangidwe a zombo zopanikizika za khoma lopyapyala zomwe zimachepetsa kulemera kwa zinthu ndi mtengo. Kapangidwe kake ka magawo awiri kamapereka kukana kwabwino kwa dzimbiri ndi maenje, ndi PREN (chiwerengero chofanana cha kukana kwa maenje) cha 35 poyerekeza ndi 25 pa 316L. Pa kuchuluka kwa chloride kopitilira 1,000 ppm ndi kutentha kopitilira 60°C, duplex 2205 imapitiliza kugwira ntchito pomwe 316L imakumana ndi kulephera kwa maenje ndi dzimbiri mkati mwa miyezi ingapo.

Ubwino wa makina a duplex 2205 umathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera kwa zinthu pakupanga zotengera zopanikizika, ndi njira zopyapyala zochepetsera kulemera kwa zotengera ndi 30-40% poyerekeza ndi 316L zofanana ndi zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yofanana. Pa ma reactor akuluakulu a mankhwala ndi matanki osungira, kuchepetsa kulemera kumatanthauza mwachindunji kuchepa kwa katundu wa maziko, zosavuta zoyendera, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zomangira malo. Chithandizo cha sitampu cha ASME Code Section VIII chimalola kapangidwe ka duplex 2205 popanda chilolezo chapadera cha uinjiniya, ndikupangitsa kuti ntchito za uinjiniya wa polojekiti ziyende bwino.

Pazinthu zokhala ndi chloride, duplex 2205 nthawi zambiri ndiye njira yokhayo yogwiritsira ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chimapulumuka zaka 10-20 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kuposa 60°C. Njira zina za 316L zimakumana ndi kusweka kwa dzimbiri mkati mwa zaka 2-5 m'mikhalidwe yambiri ya ntchito ya mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsekedwe mosakonzekera komanso ma campaign osintha okwera mtengo. Ubwino wa duplex 2205 pa moyo wonse umaonekera kwambiri mu ntchito zokhala ndi chloride yambiri pomwe mtengo wosinthira ndi kutayika kwa kupanga kwa zitsekedwe zosakonzekera zimalamulira kuwerengera kwachuma kwa moyo wonse. Zipangizo zofotokozera za kutsata malamulo a ASME pa zombo zopanikizika zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimapezeka kudzera pa BSI pa https://www.bsigroup.com/.

Njira Zopangira Zomwe Zimasunga Kulinganiza kwa Zitsulo Zopangira Duplex

Kupanga kwa Duplex 2205 kumafuna kutentha koyendetsedwa bwino komanso kasamalidwe ka kutentha pakati pa ma payipi kuti asunge mulingo wa austenite-ferrite wa pafupifupi 50-50. Kutentha kwambiri kapena nthawi yayitali pa 300-900°C kumapangitsa kuti sigma phase precipitation ipangitse kuti alloy isagwire bwino ntchito. Wow Stainless imafotokoza za GTAW ndi GMAW welding yokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu pakati pa ma payipi pakati pa 150°C, kutentha komwe kumayikidwa kokha pa 1.0 kJ/mm, ndi annealing ya post-weld solution pa 1050-1100°C pazigawo zolemera. Zigawo zolumikizidwa ngati welded mu ma gauge opepuka nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld pokhapokha ngati kuyenerera kwa njira yolumikizirana kumatsimikizira mulingo woyenera wa gawo.

Kuyenerera kwa njira yowotcherera malinga ndi ASME Gawo IX ndikofunikira popanga chotengera cha pressure cha duplex 2205, ndi zolemba za njira yowotcherera (WPSRs) zomwe zikuwonetsa kusankha kwa chitsulo chodzaza, kapangidwe ka mpweya woteteza, muyeso wa kutentha kwa interpass, ndi kuchuluka kwa ferrite komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha njira yoyezera ya ASTM A240. Wow Stainless imasunga ma WPSR oyenerera kale kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pa ma weld a duplex 2205 kuphatikiza mbale yolumikizirana ndi matako, chitoliro chopita ku chitoliro, chitoliro cholowera ku chitoliro, ndi ma geometries olumikizira nthambi, kuthandizira ukadaulo wa projekiti wofulumira popanda chitukuko cha WPSR pa projekiti iliyonse.

Kudula, kupanga, ndi kukonza duplex 2205 kumatsatira njira zokhazikika zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri poganizira za kusowa kwa zida. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito yolimba kwa duplex 2205 kumaposa 316L ndi pafupifupi 30%, zomwe zimafuna kuchepetsa liwiro lodula komanso kulimba kwa zida pa ntchito zokonza. Wow Stainless imafalitsa malangizo a magawo a makina kwa makasitomala omwe akuchita kupanga kwachiwiri, kuphatikiza liwiro lodula lovomerezeka, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi zofunikira za zida zobowolera, kugogoda, kugaya, ndi kutembenuza ntchito pa mbale, mipiringidzo, ndi mapaipi a duplex 2205.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chidebe Chopondereza ndi Mapaipi Pokonza Mankhwala

Duplex 2205 m'mafakitale opangira mankhwala ku North America imapereka mapaipi odyetsa chakudya cha reactor okhala ndi chloride, sulfuric acid intermediate handling, FGD absorber internal components in coal-fire-fireed energy, ndi ma system amadzi opangidwa mu ntchito zamafuta ndi gasi. ASME B&PV Code Section VIII stamps for pressure vessels using duplex equipment yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 2018, kuthandizira specifications of investigation plants. Magulu a engineering a Worley, Fluor, Bechtel, ndi Jacobs nthawi zambiri amatchula duplex 2205 mu zomangamanga za mafakitale a mankhwala m'mapulojekiti a US Gulf Coast.

Zipangizo zoyamwitsa za FGD kuphatikiza ma demister, ma tray, ndi ma nozzles opopera mumagetsi opangira malasha zikuyimira ntchito yayikulu yopangira mbale ndi pepala la duplex 2205. Malo okhala ndi chloride mu ma FGD absorber amachititsa kuti chitsulo cha kaboni chizizire mwachangu komanso njira zina za 316L ziwonongeke, ndipo nthawi zambiri kulephera kwa maenje kumawonedwa mkati mwa miyezi 18-36 kuchokera pamene ntchito yachitika. Duplex 2205 imayamwa nthawi yayitali mpaka zaka 15-25 pakati pa nthawi yotayika, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zosinthira ndi zotsatira za ndalama zomwe zimatayika panthawi yotayika. Makampani opanga magetsi a EPC kuphatikiza Sargent & Lundy, Burns & McDonnell, ndi Black & Veatch nthawi zonse amatchula duplex 2205 ya mapulojekiti atsopano omanga ndi osinthira ma FGD absorber.

Kusamalira madzi komwe kumachitika mu ntchito za mafuta ndi gasi, makamaka mitsinje yamadzi yosungunuka kwambiri (TDS) yochokera ku Permian Basin, Bakken, ndi Canada, kumabweretsa mavuto okhudzana ndi dzimbiri omwe amagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya duplex 2205. Kuphatikiza kwa ma chloride pa 50,000-200,000 ppm, CO2 yosungunuka, ndi kutentha kwa ntchito kwa 60-90°C kumabweretsa dzimbiri mu chitsulo cha carbon cha 1-5 mm/chaka, ndipo ming'alu ya dzimbiri yomwe imapezeka mu zida za 316L mkati mwa zaka 3-5. Duplex 2205 imachepetsa dzimbiri kufika pa 0.1 mm/chaka ndipo imachotsa nkhawa za SCC, kuthandizira zolinga za moyo wautumiki wa zaka 20-30 za zomangamanga zosamalira madzi zopangidwa. Zolemba zotsatizana ndi NACE MR0175 zatchulidwa kudzera mu BSI pa https://www.bsigroup.com/.

Zolemba Zoyesera za Mill Zofunikira ndi Miyezo ya ASME ndi ASTM

Wow Stainless imapereka satifiketi yoyesera ya mphero motsatira muyezo wa EN 10204 3.1, yokhala ndi kuthekera kotsata mbale iliyonse, pepala, chitoliro, kapena bala ku kutentha ndi mawonekedwe a chinthucho. Zolemba zimaphatikizapo kapangidwe ka mankhwala pa ASTM A240, mawonekedwe a makina pa ASTM A370 kuphatikiza mphamvu yotulutsa, mphamvu yokoka, kutalika, ndi kuuma, komanso kuyesa dzimbiri pa muyezo wa ASTM A923 kuti mupeze magawo owopsa a pakati pa zitsulo muzinthu ziwiri. Satifiketi yoyesera imasungidwa pa digito kuti isungidwe kwa zaka 10 motsatira zofunikira za zolemba za ASME.

Kuyesa kwa ASTM A923 ndikofunikira kwambiri pakutsimikizira zinthu za duplex 2205 mill kuti zizindikire mvula ya sigma phase kapena chi phase yomwe ingachitike panthawi yotenthetsera molakwika pa mphero. Njira ya ASTM A923 (kuyesa etch) ndi Njira B (kuyesa zotsatira) zimazindikira mvula ya phase yomwe, ngati ilipo, imayambitsa khalidwe lofooka pa ntchito. Wow Stainless imachita mayeso a ASTM A923 pa duplex 2205 iliyonse isanatulutsidwe, ndipo zikalata zimaperekedwa pa satifiketi iliyonse ya mphero ngati umboni wotsatira malamulo.

Pa ntchito zoyendera zoyendera magetsi zomwe zimafuna kupanga sitampu ya ASME, Wow Stainless imatha kupereka zida zotsimikizira kawiri ndi sitampu ya US ASME ndi sitampu yotsogolera ya CE/PED European pressure equipment pa satifiketi yomweyo ya mphero. Satifiketi ziwirizi zimathandiza opanga zinthu omwe amatumikira mapaipi a projekiti aku North America ndi ku Europe popanda kupeza zinthu zosiyana komanso njira zolembera zikalata. Zikalata zoyesera mphero zimasainidwa ndi woimira khalidwe wovomerezeka yemwe ziyeneretso zake zimatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu kaundula wa pa intaneti wa bungwe lotsimikizira kuti atsatire malamulo onse okhudzana ndi kusunga zikalata.

Zoganizira za Unyolo Wogulira Zinthu pa Ndondomeko za Mapulojekiti aku North America

Nthawi yopezera oda kuyambira kuvomerezedwa kwa oda mpaka ku US Gulf Coast kapena komwe mukupita ku Canada imayambira masabata 14-20 pa makulidwe wamba a mbale (3-50mm) ndi nthawi yopezera mapaipi wamba, yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yopezera mapaipi apadera, mbale zazikulu, kapena maoda ang'onoang'ono pansi pa kuchuluka kocheperako kwa mphero. Wow Stainless imasunga matani 300-500 a zinthu za mbale za duplex 2205 ku Wenzhou facility kuti zitumizidwe mwachangu kumalo ogwirira ntchito ku North America, ndi mgwirizano wazinthu zothandizira kutumiza zinthu mu FCL ndi LCL kudzera ku Port of Shanghai ndi Port of Ningbo.

Kukonzekera kugula polojekiti kuyenera kuwerengera nthawi yocheperako yopezera zinthu kwa milungu 12-16 chifukwa cha makulidwe a mbale zopangidwa mwamakonda, kukula kwa mbale zazikulu kuposa muyezo wa mphero (nthawi zambiri m'lifupi mwa mamita 2.5-3.0 ndi kutalika kwa mamita 6-12), ndi maoda a mapaipi omwe amafuna chithandizo cha kutentha kapena kuyang'aniridwa ndi munthu wina. Engage Wow Stainless pa gawo la uinjiniya wa polojekiti kapena gawo loyambira la uinjiniya kuti mutseke malo osungiramo zinthu musanayambe kudzaza ndi kukonza nthawi yoperekera zinthu mu mphero ndi nthawi yoperekera chithandizo cha kutentha kwa milungu 18-22.

Pazofunikira za polojekiti ya ku North America mwachangu, Wow Stainless imasunga mgwirizano wa US Gulf Coast ndi kampani yogawa zinthu ku Houston yokhala ndi matani 30-50 a mbale ndi mapaipi a duplex 2205 okhala ndi kukula koyenera. Katunduyu ku Houston amathandizira kutumiza kwa milungu iwiri mpaka inayi kumakampani opanga mankhwala ndi opanga zombo zopanikizika kuti akonze zadzidzidzi komanso zosowa zazing'ono za polojekiti. Katunduyu ku Houston ali ndi satifiketi yoyesera mphero yofanana ndipo amathandizira zikalata zabwino zopangira kuti atsatire malamulo a ukadaulo wa polojekiti.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza kugula mbale ya duplex 2205, pepala, bala, ndi chitoliro cholumikizidwa cha mafakitale okonza mankhwala ku North America, gulu lotumiza kunja la Wow Stainless limapereka upangiri wofotokozera, chithandizo cha mtengo, ndi mgwirizano wa kayendedwe ka zinthu. Zitsanzo za satifiketi yoyesera ya Mill ndi zikalata zotsatizana ndi ASTM A240 zikupezeka patsamba la Wow Stainless Products.